The National Numeracy Strategy Essay Example

The National Numeracy Strategy Essay Example The National Numeracy Strategy Essay The National Numeracy Strategy Essay The National Numeracy Strategy (DfEE 1999: part 1, p.12) requires teachers to identify mistakes, using them as positive teaching points by talking about them and any misconceptions that led to them. When dealing with a childs errors in their work it is not enough to simply mark them as wrong, the child must be given the opportunity to develop a greater level of understanding through correction. This may not simply be re-calculating a sum, but revising their ideas and concepts of the particular topic area. According to Skemp (1989) by the process of understanding, that which began as an error becomes a contribution to knowledge p.200. As identified in Pollard Tann (1993) it is also true that if a child is allowed to continuously make errors in the same subject or on the same topic the child can be caught in a vicious circle in which failure leads to anxiety which leads to further failure p. 68. Children too, experience frustration when they cannot reach their goals and repeated failure may result in loss of confidence and self-esteem. Teachers must provide the opportunity for the child to attain their targets. Once the teacher realises the necessity to identify the misconstrued knowledge/concepts, they must discover underlying problems in the most accurate way. To simply study the childs work shows a self-important belief that the teacher can understand what the child is thinking. It is only by discussing with the child their ideas and perceptions that the true reasons for the misconceptions become evident. Alice states that multiplication makes numbers larger and division makes numbers smaller. Alices statements will be accurate when applied to the contexts of multiplication and division that she is most likely to be familiar with, for example positive integers. When children are first introduced to multiplication in school, they become familiar with the terms lots of and sets of, this then leads to an understanding of multiplication as repeated addition, which is often one of the first strategies introduced to children to tackle multiplication questions. One example of this is identified in Suggate et al (1998): Again the assumption could be made that because subtraction makes numbers smaller so too will division. So closely linking these four operations and not distinguishing the differences will map properties of one onto the other. Skemp (1989) identifies how introducing multiplication as repeated addition can lead to further problems, this [repeated addition] works well for the counting numbers, but it does not apply to multiplication of the other kinds of number which children will subsequently encounter; so to teach it this way is making difficulties for the future p.144. He goes on to identify the multiplication of negative numbers and fractions as being an area where children will develop problems. This thinking is reinforced by the Concepts in Secondary Mathematics and Science (CSMS) project where whole number computations and extensions to fractions and decimals were considered (Hart 1981); conclusions note that many children are still only groping towards ideas of multiplication a nd division. Alices teacher would need to discuss, with her, all the ideas and concepts she holds about multiplication and division. Only by exploring the childs understanding of underlying concepts and principles will the reason for the misconceptions become apparent. As already mentioned the teachers assessment of the reason for a childs errors may not be accurate purely by studying their work.  A starting point to rectify the misconception would be to identify in the NNS (DfEE 1999) what understanding Alice should have acquired by her age. Children, according to the NNS (DfEE 1999), do not encounter multiplication or division until year 2, and confirms my previous thinking that children are to understand the two operations as repeated addition and subtraction. It is not until year 4 that children multiply and divide decimals and fractions and examine related theory, such as the commutative law. Alice needs to be taught that multiplication and division are more than just complicated forms of addition and subtraction. There is more to multiplication and division than just computing sums. According to Nunes Bryant (1996) The child must learn about and understand an entirely new set of number meanings and a new set of invariants, all of which are related to multiplication and division, but not to addition and subtraction p.144. Research conducted by Hoyles, Noss Sutherland in 1992 showed an ingenious method to enable children to see that multiplication does not always make numbers bigger. The children were asked to reach a target number (e.g. 100) from a starting point (e.g. 13) through successive multiplications. The pupils easily overshot the target and therefore had to face the question: how do you make numbers smaller by multiplying them? The research identified this as a significant question, which helps pupils see the discontinuity between addition and multiplication. This type of activity along with one related to division could be used in school to highlight concepts children may not have realised. By addressing difficulties within topics early on children are prevented from forming certain misconceptions. The next stage for the teacher would be to decide how to prevent these sorts of misconceptions occurring in following years. It is apparent that Alices previous teaching has not allowed her to access the topic in a way that she can understand it. Teachers must consider both their teaching styles and childrens learning styles when approaching areas that children can easily misconstrue. The following years class should be given the opportunity to explore the concepts and theory behind multiplication and division, this may not be in line with the NNS (DfEE 1999)) order, but may provide those children with a greater comprehension of the operations they are carrying out. Once they are confident with the reasoning their manipulation and computation of numbers should be secure due to their underlying understanding. Emilys work shows four calculations with vulgar fractions. It is apparent that she is working horizontally to complete the sums either adding or subtracting the two numerators and the two denominators. The NNS (DfEE 1999) identifies that children from year 4 upwards should recognise the equivalence between fractions and at year 5 should be able to recognise from practical work simple relationships between fractions part 6 p.23. It appears from Emilys work that she does not understand the relationships. In the first question (shown below) she has to add two fractions with the same denominator.

Personal experience in leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Personal experience in leadership - Essay Example paternalistic leaderships has various merits, combining transformational and transactional leadership styles dependent on the situation, offering better outcomes. I have always believed in achieving results efficiently and also that leadership is earned, it is not granted. In my past experiences, I have come across quite a few situations that tested my leadership skills and I believe that there were a lot of things that I could have done differently to make the situation or the outcomes relatively better. I have always found the quote of General George Patton quite overwhelming, â€Å"Lead me, follow me, or get out of my way†. The quote clearly states a desire to be lead, learn and be capable of influencing people; especially it focuses on getting the task done and overcoming the obstacles offered. There are various theories offered about leadership out of which situational leadership appears to be the most accurate one (Schermerhorn, 2001). Although leadership is an offshoot of the leader’s personality however situational factors cannot be ignored. Considering the audience, one may have an approach or attitude towards the situa tion in hand (Hersey, 1984). However, it is important to note that where leadership styles may vary according to circumstances, the main aura of leader’s personality remains relatively constant however for effective results, altering leadership style according to the situation may remain immensely helpful (Northouse, 2010). Through many online tests and self-assessment of my leadership style, I have come across the fact that my natural leadership style is of paternalistic nature (Erben & Gà ¼neÅŸer, 2008; Gerhardt, 2012). I find it more comfortable to develop strong relationships with my team, set clear objectives and provide enough time, effort and guidance to the team members in order to achieve the desired objectives. There are various instances in which I had a chance to

Film Review Movie Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Film - Movie Review Example , Lee decides to take the law in his own hands in the film and his character is portrayed as one distrusting unfortunate black man who could not trust the white jury in the court. Lee is later arrested for the double murder but despite many efforts made by the local black leaders to convince Lee to take their help instead of relying on a white lawyer, he remains unmoved and sticks to his chosen lawyer in the hope that this would save him from the clutches of racial discrimination. With the help of making sensitive social issues like racial discrimination and capital punishment important features of the storyline and starring a very dedicated cast, the director of this movie successfully manages in making one of the most compelling motion pictures of all times and getting the right level of enthusiasm and attention from the viewers. Instead of wasting the time of the viewers with running some eye-popping action and bloodbath scenes on the screen, this movie basically aims at conveying some meaningful messages while taking care to stay away from focusing on an over and over again repeated sort of a plot. The interesting point is that the messages are not conveyed to the public like pastries served in plates, rather it is up to the public to smartly dig underneath the propaganda portrayed in the movie by intelligently relating with the well though out plot. In â€Å"The Time To Kill† the American Legal system is not portrayed positively in most instances. First, Lee himself is shown as distrusting the white judges in the court, thereby he ends up hiring a white lawyer for himself and rejects the help offered by the black community. Secondly, there is one scene in the movie in which Brigance, the white lawyer hired by Lee, explains to the judges the trauma done to Lee’s daughter by the rapists. During explaining the sadistic acts, Brigance asks the jury, â€Å"Now imagine she’s white.† (Ebert). This is a highly distrusting sort of a statement which clearly shows

Product analysis of sprite

Product analysis of sprite This paper writes on a product of coca cola sprite, and seeks to address the concepts of product, price , promotion and place and its effect on the survival,competitive advantage over like products , preferrence by customers and its place in the beaverage drinks market place in the Malaysian community. Introduction In 1886 Dr. John Stith Pemberton first introduces Coca-Cola in Atlanta, Georgia. The pharmacist concocted caramel-colored syrup in a three-legged brass kettle in his backyard. He first distributes Coca-Cola by carrying it in a jug down the street to Jacobs Pharmacy. For five cents, consumers can enjoy a glass of Coca-Cola at the soda fountain. Now almost over 120 years old and selling in more than 200 countries, the brand is regarded as the biggest in the world and has come top of an Interbrand poll of all global brands for the fourth time in a row. It is now estimated that Coca-Colas brand is worth a whopping $67.5bn (Â £39bn). The Coca cola company in Malaysia sets as the production ground for almost all the products of Coca cola for the consumption of her customers in the Malaysian community. Coca Cola Products The Coca cola company products ranges from coke, fanta, fanta soda, krest, sprite With a portfolio of more than 3,300 beverages, from diet and regular sparkling beverages to still beverages such as 100 percent fruit juices and fruit drinks, waters, sports and energy drinks, teas and coffees, and milk-and soy-based beverages, our variety spans the globe. Brand name and Logo Coca-Cola possesses one of the most recognised brand designs in history. Its not only the trademark design of that white typeface on that particular shade of red that makes it so iconic, but also the equally famous bottle. The Product SPRITE Sprite is a favorite drink to many coca cola customers in Malaysia. Customer values are a very important attribute to organizations today. It is perceived as the worth of benefits customers received by owning and using a product in exchange for the total cost needed to obtain the product, after taking into consideration of available competitive offerings and pricings (Kotler et al., 2007). (Kinnear Bernhardt 1984) relates on the concept of product as every want -satisfying attribute a consumer receives in making an exchange, including psychological as well as physical. The concept of Product has the characteristics of solving particular needs and is categorized into physical or tangible and services or intangible The competitor of Sprite is of 7up. Sprite is a lemon lime flavor carbonated drink that also taste sweet and bubbly. However, the content of Sprite is crystal clear. Sprite is best enjoying cold especially on a hot day. The glass bottle of Sprite is colored in dark green which perhaps is a representation of lime or lemon. The sprite is packaged in plastic bottles and disposable cans with its smart sparling design which makes it appealing to customers and creates beauty for the product. Price The price of a bottle of sprite in the Malaysian market sits at RM 2.00 i.e ($0.63) which is considered very cheap and affordable. Price is defined as the way a person acquires something by giving out something in return (Kotler et al., 2007). In other word, the process of exchange is actually the process of substituting a product with another product (Exchange, 2009). The price of the sprite is influenced by the availability of raw materials, cost of production and government taxes. This cheap price tag despite is high quality and satisfaction ,makes it very much in demand by customers .The price of sprite in the market gives a good and reasonable perceived value from the customers point of view. Price is value based and with such a low price tag for the sprite, customers prefer it to its main competitor 7 up, which sits at the same price in the market but considered by many to be of a lower quality. Competitors are the market challengers to a company that will seek to attack the company in an aggressive bid to increase their own market share (Kotler et al., 2007). Place Place refers to the distribution or all the activities the Coca cola company Malaysia undertakes to get the Sprite to the customers at the right location and at the right time. Malaysia has a humid temperature that stands between 30 degrees and 35 degrees centigrade , thus the customers are always at all times in demand for chilled drinks and Sprite with her sparkling lemon lime flavor is preferred by many. The company uses middlemen, physical distribution with company trucks and Lorries, wholesalers and retailers like Giant, Carrefour, KK, 7 eleven and shops and outlets across the different localities in Malaysia to make the product available to their customers. The distribution channel of sprite in Malaysia is vast and strong making it impossible to walk into any shop or stall throughout the country without spotting a bottle of sprite on display for sale. Furthermore, the company sets up its own retail shops around different locations in the country as well as where houses for whole sales to traders. Promotion The coca cola company in Malaysia has taken to sponsoring advertisements on sprite on the local television stations, Astro and the local radio FM station to inform, persuade and influence the consumers buying decision to buy the sprite. The company creates awareness, educate on the features of sprite and its benefits to the consumer, thereby creating interest in the consumer to buy the sprite. The tools of promotion used by the Coca cola Company in Malaysia along with advertisement include sales promotion, public relations, personal selling and direct marketing of the sprite. The Sprite is also promoted by the sponsorship given to local hockey teams and football clubs within the Malaysian environment. Conclusion On writing on the core aspects of product, price, place and promotion as it affects the survival of sprite in the competitive market, the writer simply portrays on the fact of the basic tools of marketing the Coca cola Sprite in the Malaysian community. The paper delves on the best of the Coca cola Company in Malaysias ability in the performance of their specific marketing of sprite in consonance with the vital aspects of understanding, collaboration ,create, anticipate, influence and the implementation to realize the basic goals in marketing the product sprite which takes to the aspect of making profit and satisfying the customer.

Environmental Safety Essay

What would happen if businesses ignored social responsibility? what would happen if environmental safety was not considered? The world would be full of toxic elements and wastes. Businesses have to ensure social responsibility as part of the society. Social responsibility is the involvement of a business in social matters to ensure product safety, good services,employees good health and the general societal development. As Lance says, â€Å"Businesses have an obligation to the community† (Besser, 2002. 13). This, a business should do alongside the real aims a business was set up for. They are therefore said to be interdependent with the society. For a business to accomplish social responsibility, a social issue has to be identified, analyzed then implemented thus responding to the development of the society (Besser, 2002). IDENTIFICATION: There are so many social issues a business has to deal with, for example employee issues just to ensure employee’s good health and good working conditions,legal issues that demand for operation according to the rule of law, economic issues that requires production of quality and safe goods and services, and the ethical issues that considers ethical matters in a society (Hughes and Kapoor. 9th edition). The main issue in this discussion is environmental safety. This is classified as a legal issue but can as well be an ethical issue since the society is not asleep (Hughes and Kapoor. 9th edition). Harming the community is not acceptable and a business would never have success with that. The society will rebel, and who would deal with such a business anyway? Do you think a society would need goods and services from a business that does not put into consideration there health and wellbeing? Environmental pollution has always been a barrier to good business and customer relationship if in any case a business does not handle that carefully. For a business to ensure success among other managerial duties, it has to implement programs to deal with the social issue and ensure safety by preventing and reducing pollution. This kind of pollution can be through many ways from a business. When it is an industry, there could be air pollution due to the toxic gases produced during production processes. There could also be air pollution due to radioactive materials within the company. Environmental safety mostly deals with businesses that produce toxic materials and waste to the environment. Waste products therefore also pose a big threat to pollution if not disposed appropriately. The other is water pollution due to toxic waste dumped to water sources (Environmental Protection Agency, 2008) . ANALYSIS: A business has always to consider it’s managerial integrity, the ethical values, the philosophy of operation as well as commitment to organizational competence when dealing with a social issue (Besser, 2002). Analysis is a tough area for the business plus considering how it will implement it. But there is a governmental organization, with the control systems that help the businesses meet the requirements for social responsibility. For the environmental issue,the U. S Environmental Protection Agency offers guidelines and compliance programmes to various pollution prevention methods (Environmental Protection Agency, 2008). Therefore a business has just to analyze the sources of pollution within it and what likely can cause pollution and look for control methods from the Environmental Protection Agency. There are various ways pollution can occur, through water, air, air and radiation, and wastes (Environmental Protection Agency, 2008 ). The business should look for the guidelines, requirements, and any methodologies for every source of pollution from the business. IMPLEMENTATION: Good management is required for the success of a business. Just as stated before, one of the managerial duties is dealing with social responsibility. A business has to draw out a plan in order to implement this. Programs with the steps for implementation are different and are used on preference. Just like the advocates of the social responsiveness program prefer their program due to certain beneficial factors to them (Besser, 2002). A business therefore has to select that program which it prefers based on it’s own reasons of benefits. One of the steps to implementation is the three concentric circles of the CED. This includes the inner circle, that deals with the economic responsibility ensuring quality and safe products and the provision of jobs and services. The intermediate circle which ensures the business policies and practices are consistent to the societal values. The last circle which calls for the business to work towards community development. A second program with steps that could be used is the social involvement program. This program does not believe in social responsibility as the advocates refused the name of social responsibility before. They prefer social responsiveness and therefore has activities that deal with the consequences due to the business’s activities in the process of accomplishing their mission of economic function to the society. This therefore ensures product quality and safety, reduced and prevented pollution of the environment thereby meeting social requirements. A third program is the Carrol’s category of social responsibility. Carrol’s program is based on the views that the society expects more than economic duties by the businesses. The steps are in order of importance, with economic responsibility being the first, followed by the legal issues then ethical and lastly discretionary responsibilities that demands for social improvements. The ethical issue requires a business to conduct it’s activities in an ethical manner. Legal needs production following the rules of law (Besser, 2002). For a business to ensure environmental safety, it can choose from either of the programs. Being that the national safety standards for the environment are already set by the Environmental Protection agency by the United States government. Implementation then is done. Social responsibility, has to be part of the business. Good relationship between society and business leads to more sales therefore more profit and the big blessing is success! References Besser T. , 2002. The conscience of Capitalism-Business social Responsibility to communities. Greenwood publishing group. IOWA U. S Environmental Protection. Compliance and Enforcements retrieved from http://www. epa. gov/compliance/business/? cm_sp=ExternalLink-_-Federal-_-EPA

Ma Earth Essay

Ans1. Heather before being a marketing manager she loved the company and its products. And not only because of its products but also because of their values, that they promised to use all natural ingredients and also ensured that they wouldn’t harm the planet. But in reality the story was different. When she was given the responsibility of campaigning one of its product Ore Essentials, she came to know that the story behind growing the product is quite different. Ma Earth Skin Care was using a different strategy to maintain its image in the market. The company was paying the tribes neither for growing the product there nor for purchasing. They were actually buying its product at a cheap rate from a mainstream supplier. But the company wants to convey its message to the customers that the product is very precious and rare, and they get it only from the tribal area. So this was the ethical issue Heather was facing. She wasn’t ready to accept the way the company was marketing its product. If Heather shows its customers how the company is getting its resources for the Ore Essentials i.e. if she tells them that though the company says that it gets its resources from the tribes but in reality it doesn’t, this would cross a line into unethical territory. Whereas if Heather supports the company i.e. if she shows that the company gets its resources from the tribes rather than showing the actual truth, it can be considered ethical. Ans2. From the customer point of view, the company was fulfilling its corporate social responsibility by paying the tribes for their wellbeing in return for their effort to grow the plants and maintaining them. The company provided the tribal people a school, a health clinic as well as food and clothing. This way the company is effective in practicing its social responsibility. But even though the company is supporting the tribal people, they are cheating its customers by showing false claims. This way the company is not fulfilling its social responsibility.

What Is Pumice Rock Geology and Uses

Pumice is a light-colored volcanic rock. Its extremely porous, with a foamy appearance. Crushing pumice rock into a powder produces a substance called pumicite or simply volcanic ash. Key Takeaways: Pumice Rock Pumice is an igneous rock that forms when magma suddenly depressurizes and cools.Essentially, pumice is a solid foam. It is light enough to float on water until it becomes waterlogged.Pumice occurs worldwide wherever explosive volcanic eruptions have occurred. Leading producers include Italy, Turkey, Russia, United States, and Greece.Uses of pumice include making stone-washed jeans, as an abrasive, to retain moisture in horticulture, for water filtration, and to manufacture cement. How Pumice Forms Pumice forms when super-heated, pressurized molten rock violently erupts from a volcano. Gases dissolved in magma (mainly water and carbon dioxide) form bubbles when pressure suddenly decreases, in much the same way carbon dioxide bubbles form upon opening a carbonated drink. The magma swiftly cools, producing a solid foam. While pumicite may be produced by crushing pumice, it also occurs naturally. Fine-grained pumicite forms when magma containing a high concentration of dissolved gases suddenly depressurizes and cools. Volcanic eruptions can form vast beds of pumice, like this stone field in Argentina. E.Hanazaki Photography / Getty Images Pumice Composition Pumice forms so quickly that its atoms often dont have time to organize into crystals. Sometimes there are crystals present in pumice, but most of the structure is amorphous, producing a volcanic glass called a mineraloid. Pumice consists of silicates and aluminates. The silicic and felsic matter may include rhyolite, dactite, andesite, phonolite, pantellerite, trachyte, and (less commonly) basalt. Properties While pumice occurs in a variety of colors, it is almost always pale. Colors include white, gray, blue, cream, green, and brown. The pores or vesicles in the rock take two forms. Some vesicles are roughly spherical, while others are tubular. Probably the most significant property of pumice is its low density. Pumice tends to be so light that it floats on water until its vesicles fill and it eventually sinks. Before it sinks, pumice can float for years, potentially forming huge floating islands. Pumice rafts from the 1883 eruption of Krakatoa drifted around 20 years. Pumice rafting disrupts shipping and is important in the dispersal of marine organisms to new locations. Pumice Uses Pumice occurs in everyday products and has many commercial uses. Pumice stones are used as personal skin exfoliants. Stone-washed jeans are made by washing the denim with pumice rocks. The Greeks and Romans rubbed the rocks on their skin to remove unwanted hair. Because the rocks retain water, they are valued in horticulture to grow cacti and succulents. Pumice stones are natural exfoliants. Achim Sass / Getty Images Ground pumice is used as an abrasive in toothpaste, polishes, and pencil erasers. Some types of chinchilla dust bath powder consists of pumice powder. The powder is also used to make cement, filter water, and contain chemical spills. Where to Find Pumice Any violent volcanic eruption may produce pumice, so it is found worldwide. It is mined in Italy, Turkey, Greece, Iran, Chile, Syria, Russia, and the United States. Italy and Turkey led production in 2011, mining 4 million tonnes and 3 million tonnes, respectively. Pumice Versus Scoria Scoria is a porous rock that is darker and denser than pumice. lrosebrugh / Getty Images Pumice and scoria are two similar, commonly-confused igneous rocks. Scoria or lava rock forms when dissolved gases in magma come out of solution, producing bubbles that are frozen in shape when the molten rock cools. Like pumice, scoria contains porous vesicles. However, the walls of the vesicles are thicker. Thus, scoria is darker in color (black, purplish red, dark brown) and more dense than water (sinks). Sources Bryan, S.E.; A. Cook; J.P. Evans; P.W. Colls; M.G. Wells; M.G. Lawrence; J.S. Jell; A. Greig; R. Leslie (2004). Pumice rafting and faunal dispersion during 2001–2002 in the Southwest Pacific: record of a dacitic submarine explosive eruption from Tonga. Earth and Planetary Science Letters. 227: 135–154. doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2004.08.009Jackson, J.A.; Mehl, J; Neuendorf, K. (2005). Glossary of Geology. American Geological Institute. Alexandria, Virginia. 800 pp. ISBN 0-922152-76-4.McPhie, J., Doyle, M.; Allen, R. (1993). Volcanic Textures: A guide to the interpretation of textures in volcanic rocks. Centre for Ore Deposit and Exploration Studies. University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania. ISBN 9780859015226.Redfern, Simon. Underwater volcano creates huge floating islands of rock, disrupts shipping. Phys.org. Omicron Technology Ltd.Venezia, A.M.; Floriano, M.A.; Deganello, G.; Rossi, A. (July 1992). Structure of pumice: An XPS and 27Al MAS NMR study. Surface and Interface Anal ysis. 18 (7): 532–538. doi:10.1002/sia.740180713